Light fiber endoscope illumination of two parts, endoscopic lens body and cold light source, the lens body has two optical fiber bundle: a beam of light, it is used to conduct cold light source the light to the observed object surface, will be observed surfaces illuminated; Another call like beam, it is the tens of thousands of root under one micron in diameter optical fiber in order of line into a bundle, end on the eyepiece, on the other side through the lens alignment surfaces observed, the doctor through the eyepiece can very intuitive to see on the surface of the viscera, facilitate the timely and accurate diagnosis of disease.

 Transmission of the image fiber bundle constitute the core part of endoscopy, which is composed of tens of thousands of root very fine glass fiber, according to the principle of total reflection of optical, all outside of the glass fiber to coating a layer of low refractive index of film, in place to ensure that all the soft-core fiber conduction total reflection of light can happen. Single fiber transmission can only produce a spot, if you want to see the images, it is necessary to integrate a lot of fiber bundle, to the image transfer to the other side into the same image, you must make every fiber are arranged at both ends at the same location, called the guide beam. A fiberglass endoscope usually has two fiberglass tubes that pass through one of them, and the doctor observes through another tube or through a camera.

Electronic endoscope LED along with the development of the electronics and digital video technology, with the 80 s to electronic endoscope, thus no longer with optical fiber image transmission, and replaced with photosensitive integrated circuit camera system, CCD. The CCD device of the miniature image sensor is a charge-coupled device, which is a large scale array integrated circuit chip made on the silicon substrate. It is an all-solid-state imaging device. CCD chip with necessary optical system (endoscopic apex objective), signal processing circuit and the periphery of the special drive and can be scene images by CCD array point by point, line by line, frame by frame, in turn, transform, storage, transmission, in its output to create A landscape image related timing video signals via cable transmission to an external circuit conversion processing system by sampling, A/D conversion, digital signal processing (DSP), D/A conversion, television signal encoding, the last on the monitor back into text to watch scenery images and related information. Main can show not only the image quality is good, strong brightness, and the image is big, you can check out more small lesions, and electronic endoscope diameter is more thin, image more clear and intuitive, easy to operate. Some endoscopes even have tiny integrated circuit sensors that feed the observed information back to the computer. It can not only obtain the diagnostic information of tissue organ morphology, but also can measure the physiological functions of tissues and organs.

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